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Jewish Students Expelled From All Colleges And Schools In Germany

Nazi Nation Continues To Restrict Jewish Activity
Publication Date
Monday, November 14, 1938
Historical Event
Anti-Jewish Riots Convulse German Reich (Kristallnacht)
This database includes 5,092 articles about this event
Tags
Gannett full page downloadable
Early Acts of Persecution
Article Type
News Article
Newspaper
Daily Advertiser
Location
Lafayette, Louisiana
Page Section and Number
1
Author/Byline
AP
Article Text
BERLIN, Nov. 14 (AP)—Minister of Education Bernhard Rust today expelled Jewish students from all universities technical schools and other institutions of higher learning in the latest move toward separation of Jews and Germans.

The minister of education telegraphed the rectors of all universities ordering them to oust Jewish students immediately and not to permit any more to enter even for lectures which do not involve examination for degrees.

He said a decree embodying that order was being prepared and would be issued soon.

This means final elimination of Jews of all ages from the German school system. Lower grade pupils from six to 12 years old were taken from German schools in 1936 and put into Jewish private schools. Jewish professors had previously been ousted.

Since 1935 admittance to higher institutions has been on a quota based on the population of Jews in the various university districts. Also Jews already enrolled had been permitted to continue their studies.

Now these students are thrown out with no prospects of completing their education, since no purely Jewish universities exist in Germany.

Rust's order follows Saturday's decrees by Field Marshal Hermann Wilhelm Goering and Propaganda Minister Paul Joseph Goebbels eliminating Jews from the nation's economic life, forbidding them to attend theatres and other public entertainments, and placing heavy fines on their wealth.

The Berlin stock exchange forbade sales by Jews in order to keep stocks from falling. Before some provincial members had been notified of the decision temporarily to reject selling orders from Jews some such orders reached the market and depressed prices.

Reports reaching the exchange disclosed there had been heavy selling offers on behalf of Jews in the proviinces. There also was some realization on stocks to obtain cash for taking over of Jewish businesses.

Special bills up to $60,000 each were presented to about 100 of the wealthiest Jews of Berlin, payable today to repair damage done to Jewish shops by angry crowds in a wave of violence last Thursday.

These bills were in addition to the 1,000,000,000 mark ($400,000,000) penalty decreed upon Jews in general for the slaying in Paris of Ernst Vom Rath, embassy secretary by a Jewish youth who once lived in Germany.

The assassination provoked the Thursday demonstrations, and rising resentment inspired government decrees compelling Jews to sell their shops and stores by January 1 and barring them from retail, mail order, commission and handicraft businesses.

Male Jews were arrested in general raids throughout Germany but today the arrest period apparently had ended. Many who had been jailed were released, if they were over 30.

Others who had escaped arrest over the week end emerged cautiously form places of hiding. Friends advised them to keep out of sight for a few days more.

Propaganda Minister Goebbels in a speech Sunday gave an indication there would be further action.

The Jewish problem would be solved very shortly, he told 500 social workers at a barely and beef stew dinner for the winter relief fund, "in a manner satisfactory to the nation's sense of what is right and just. The people will it so. And we are only executors of their will."

Labor Leader Robert Ley told a similar gathering at Koblenz that "our methods may be brought, but they are thorough. We have been provoked long enough by the sight of rows of Jewish shop signs along the Krufuerstendamm (a prinicpal west end boulevard)."

Anti-Catholic feeling flared, meanwhile, in a brief demonstration Sunday before St. Mary's Square in Munich.

A small group of youths whistled and jeered, knocked down candles and trampled floral decorations as 5,000 Catholics sang a hymn in services celebrating the tercentenary of the erection of the "Marienscule" column, erected in honor of the Virgin Mary.

Police cleared the square. Michael Cardinal Von Faulhaber did not officiate and it was understood he was avoiding public appearances since crowds smashed windows of his palace on Saturday.

A circular letter signed by Theodore Cardinal Innitzer was read from all Catholic pulpits in Vienna telling congregations to disregard rumors about a mass withdrawal from the church.

The government gave no clear indication how it would collect the staggering fine, roughly on-eighth of the total of the estimated wealth of Jews in Germany, including Austria and Sudetenland.

Jewish fortunes over 5,000 marks ($2,000) are registered, however, so the government easily could make flat assessments.

The bulk of Jewish wealth was believed to be in real estate, some of which likely will have to be sold to sat-

—

(Turn to page 10, col. 6)
History Unfolded Contributor
Patricia P.
Location of Research
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Learn More about this Historical Event: Anti-Jewish Riots Convulse German Reich (Kristallnacht)

Bibliography

Gilbert, Martin. Kristallnacht: Prelude to Destruction. New York: HarperCollins, 2006.

Pehle, Walter H., ed. November 1938: From "Reichskristallnacht" to Genocide. New York: Berg, 1991.

Read, Anthony. Kristallnacht: The Nazi Night of Terror. New York: Times Books, 1989.

Schwab, Gerald. The Day the Holocaust Began: The Odyssey of Herschel Grynszpan. New York: Praeger, 1990.

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Jewish Students Expelled From All Colleges And Schools In Germany
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