America' Tenth Man and Defense

Learn More about this Historical Event: Massive March on Washington Planned

• 1941 - Plans for a March on Washington (FDR Library)
•  American Memory: African American Odyssey (Library of Congress)
• Patriotism Crosses the Color Line: African Americans in World War II (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History)
• The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow (PBS)
• FDR, A. Philip Randolph and the Desegregation of the Defense Industries - Lesson Plan, grades 9-12 (The White House Historical Association)
• Global Nonviolent Action Database (Swarthmore College)

Bibliography

Bracey, J.H, and Meier, A. “Allies or Adversaries?: The NAACP, A. Philip Randolph and the 1941 March on Washington.” The Georgia Historical Quarterly. Vol. 75, No. 1 (Spring 1991), pp. 1-17.

Kersten, Andrew Edmund. A. Philip Randolph: A Life in the Vanguard. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

Pfeffer, Paula F. A. Philip Randolph, Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990.

Morehouse, Maggi M. Fighting in the Jim Crow Army: Black Men and Women Remember World War II. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.

Weir, William. The Encyclopedia of African American Military History. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2004.